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There are a dizzying number of legends and stories of the origins of Valentines Day. It may have begun as a feast in ancient Rome, or based on one or two early Christian martyrs. The romantic connection could have begun sometime in the middle ages in the tradition of courtly love with a poem by Geoffery Chaucer. The following are some of the more recognized stories.

An ancient pre-Roman festival, Lupercalia, was celebrated every year to honor Lupercus, a god of fertility. It was celebrated sometime between February 13-15 near the city of Rome. Originally a festival of shipyards, it lasted until the 5th century when Pope Gelasius abolished it.

Another story concerns the reign of Emperor Claudius II. This Emperor needed soldiers to fight wars and believed men failed to join his army because they didn’t want to leave their wives and families. So Claudius outlawed marriages and engagements. A priest named Valentine continued to marry couples. Valentine was discovered and put to death. Afterwards he was named a Saint.

A poem written by Charles the Duke of Orleans is considered the oldest valentine still in existence. Charles wrote the poem to his wife when imprisoned in the Tower of London. This document is part of the collection of the British Library in London England.

Love and Friendship day is celebrated in much of South America. While similar to the Western Valentine’s Day, it often includes acts of appreciation for friends. Boyfriends/Girlfriends day is celebrated in Brazil. Couples exchange gifts, flowers and chocolates on June 12th.

Valentine’s Day in both Denmark and Norway is celebrated on February 14th and called Valentinsdag. But the traditions are much less commercial. Valentine traditions in these countries center on having a quiet romantic dinner with their partner or sending a card or a rose to a loved one.

In Iran February 17th is a day for love and called Sepandarmazgan. This day is celebrated much like it is in the West in spice of some governmental restrictions. Younger Iranian boys and girls often buy gifts and celebrate the tradition.

The practice of sending Valentine cards existed in the middle 1800’s. Esther Howland, whose father owned a stationary and book store, received an English valentine card. As a result, she was inspired to create her own of embossed lace which was then mass produced. Shortly thereafter, Valentine’s Day became a popular national holiday.

The second half of the 20th century witnessed an expansion of the Valentine’s Day traditions. Gifts, primarily cards, expanded to flowers and candy. Popular Valentine’s Day gifts now include roses and chocolates, often in a red heart-shaped box.

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